The Importance Of Project Management Construction Essay

The Importance Of Project Management Construction Essay The purpose of this report is to demonstrate the importance of project management and the attributes the client should seek when selecting a project manager. By defining measureable objectives, project managers offer strategical qualities and direction to the desired milestones as well as to the completion of the entire project. The employment of their services allows for the organizing of information and activities including future risk assessment that leads to a quality product within the time and budget restraints. In addition to the purpose of a project manager, there are certain background attributes that would contribute to the success of a project such as managerial skill and technical expertise that are relevant to the clients goals. Introduction According to the Association for Project Management (APM), project management is identified as the process by which projects are defined, planned, monitored, controlled and delivered such that the agreed benefits are realised. A project manager is appointed by the client and serves as their representative throughout the entire progression period of the project, if permitted by the contractual agreement. It is the project managers responsibility to predict as many possible dangers and problems in time to plan, organize and control activities so that the project remains on schedule (Lock, 2007). Various risks can be avoided by planning strategically including defining measurable objectives at the start of the project so that those issues can be accounted for before reaching the construction phase. It is essential to incorporate a project manager because they are able to coordinate and organize information or activities, increase product quality, reduce risks, manage budgets, as well as complete the project under strenuous time restraints. In order for a project manager to bring these successful traits to a project they must possess an array of managerial and technical skills. This report will closely evaluate how defining measurable objectives, organisation, product quality, and budget management will improve the overall construction process as well as evaluating various attributes that project manager should have to effectively deliver a quality product. 1.0 Why hire a Project Manager? 1.1 Define Objectives Defining measureable objectives-the scope of the project-at the start of the project is crucial to any successful project. Scope Creep is one of the most common reasons why projects are unsuccessful whether it is due to schedule delays or drastic unexpected increases in budgets. For example, Federation Square in Melbourne, Australia had major increases in the original budget. The Federation Square opened in October 2002 with an original estimated budget at $100million but, due to poorly defined objectives, the budget has increased drastically to approximately $460million over the last 7 years. (VAGO, 2003) Scope creep, refers to tasks that are added to the initial reasons or scope of the project, which can occur both after the project as well as during the process. During the planning period, the engineer is not always certain of what the problems are before the construction phase. This is mostly due to the lack of research. If the construction phase commences as planned and there ar e utility lines unaccounted for, this would introduce complexity to the project as well as alter the original objectives. The lack of definition could throw the entire project off course from the original purpose of construction. The project manager hired will be able to take the necessary actions to combat these issues with the client. 1.2 Organise Information and Activities Construction projects are unique in the aspect that each project presents its own complexities. With any complex system, it is a requirement that information and activities be well organised which is one of the many reasons for commissioning a project manager. There are a variety of programs that aid the project manager in this area including Microsoft Office Project. Organization allows for optimal communication between the project manager and the key players that could take the form of graphs, charts, etc. This information keeps the involved parties aware of their preparation time before their services are needed. If a problem occurs, organization also allows the project manager to make quality decisions based upon the progression of the project in relation to the next milestone or deadline. In addition to organizing activities, labelling the distribution of funding is equally important. The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) classifies these in the form of Work Breakdown Structure, or WBS, which is a deliverable-oriented hierarchical decomposition of work to be executed by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables (PMBOK, 2004). In regards to the budget, a WBS allows money to be distributed based upon its original intentions in a way that keeps the project manager up-to-date with the remaining funding. WBS is just another way to keep complex projects simple and easy to manage as well as keeping the client in the know. 1.3 Increase Product Quality Due to the economic crisis, many clients desire a high quality product associated with little cost. During the planning process, the project manager has the opportunity to research the services and products necessary to complete the project with the clients best interest in mind. Generally, most project errors occur during the construction process possibly due to unforeseen circumstances, field issues, and the work ethics of the contractors involved. Particularly in the US, based on a study done in 2006-2008 on the most common reasons why contractors fail in which performance and management issues were ranked in the top 5. Performance issues accounted for 36% of failures and management issues accounted for 29%. To assist in eliminating these problems, it is the responsibility of the project manager in conjunction with the construction manager to ensure that the structure is built with minimal errors and safety hazards. Through this checks and balance system, field issues can be succe ssfully managed with little to no effect on the schedule or future structural performance. 1.4 Manage Budget The budget is the primary skeletal system to a successful project. In any project, whether in the public or private sector, financial funding is essential. Without it, delays in financial support progress are inevitable. During the planning process, the project manager uses the WBS to assist in organizing and managing the funds as well as ensuring that there are funds allocated to future risks also known as the contingency. In a recent survey conducted by the National Audit Office (NAO), approximately 24% of delays in schedules were due to the incurred additional costs. This information conveys that the given budget was not managed properly or there were too many unforeseen risks involved. With the assistance of a project manager, such risks can be accounted for during the planning period to avoid schedule delays. 2.0 What attributes should be considered when hiring a Project Manger? 2.1 Managerial Skills When selecting a project manager, the client should not only be aware of how a project manager can enhance the overall performance of a project but also what skills to look for when employing their services. In order to produce a successful project the client should hire a project manager based on their leadership skills. Leadership skills consist of team building, problem solving, and communication skills, just to name a few. Project managers are faced with difficult situations throughout the course of the project which cannot be solved by themselves. The project manager must depend equally on all of the key players by building an effective and efficient team that may or may not be temporary and motivate them to the clients desired vision. With those difficult situations, quick and quality problem solving techniques are equally critical to the completion of the project. For instance, if there is an unpredicted pipe underneath the work site and there is change in the initial scope, t he project manager must be able to make a quality decision based upon the time and budget restraints. This issue can also be affected by the communication links between the key players. As stated earlier in this report, communication can be conveyed through organisation, charts, graphs, and schedules to keep the involved parties informed, especially the client(s). Leadership is just one attribute that covers an array of sub-skills that a project manager should possess to help determine the success of a project. 2.2 Technical Expertise In addition to the managerial attributes, technical expertise is also important to have when working with a clients vision. Technical expertise may include scope, cost, risk, contract, and construction management and helps to aid the clients knowledge beyond the initial concept of the structure. When managing the scope, the project manager must keep the primary vision in mind so that cost, contracts, and the construction process of even the most complex project remain simple. The project manager is able to make the client aware of the different risks that they might encounter before the project progresses past the conceptual phase as well as offer advice throughout the construction process. Again, these attributes are just a few that a project manager can contribute to a successful project and should be considered during the selection process. 3.0 Conclusion 3.1 Overall Conclusion In conclusion, defining measurable objectives, organisation of information and activities, increased product quality, budget management, and managerial and technical skills are all very important to a project that is classified a success by the client and the parties involved. The client should be increasingly mindful when employing the services of a project manager that, A leader is only as good as his followers. Without the stable foundation of any team or project, the product is bound to fail but if they are somehow incorporated from beginning to end, the temporary and longevity use of the product is sure to be met.

Explain “The Time Machine’s” View Of Humanity?

H. G. Wells was fascinated by the theory of evolution and how far that mankind could control its own destiny. This is evident in other novels of Wells such as â€Å"War of the Worlds† and â€Å"The Shape of Things to Come†. However nowhere is his fear for mankind's future more evident than in his novel â€Å"The Time Machine†. His love of humanity in crisis and scientific theories have produced this great book, that has a surprising reflection of what could be seen as the views and pessimistic jitters of the author. Personally I believe there are two characters in the novel that present Wells' views. I believe that the main character of the book named â€Å"The Time Traveller† was meant to represent the author's fear and disillusion for the future of humanity. The other character being â€Å"Filby† who is the â€Å"Time Traveller's† best friend seems to be an eternal optimist whom is hoping that one day mankind will see the error of its ways and make an about turn from the fate that Wells portrays to be that of man in the future. To study in depth the â€Å"Time Machine's† portrayal of humanity we must further look into the different societies at different periods of the novel and find out the â€Å"Time Machine's † views on these social groups. Being strictly chronological, the first society that we must look at in order to make a comparison was the society of law and order to which he belonged, Victorian England. A poor time and place to live in, the common folk scarcely made enough money to survive and disease soon spread among the cities and eventually caused London to smell repulsively. These times were of flourish to those in the upper classes who wallowed in more money than one ordinary human could ever aspire to accumulate. These people thought of themselves only as as the upper class this was to the extent that those lower would not be allowed to address the upper class citizens. Unjustly those poorer than themselves were not treated as a society in poverty but they were treated as lazy ungrateful mob that were treated as slaves. At this point in history child labour had not yet been abolished and children were still treated like slaves carrying out all the tasks that the upper class would have never even known how to complete. Most citizens of the lower classes were poorly spoken and were uneducated, these people new of only their trade that could earn them a small amount of money to eat and sleep. In comparison to this grueling shameful era, Wells, in the early part of the book is using Filby as the narrator and the only part of this society that is touched upon by the novel is the upper class. I think this shows an ignorance to the people below him almost to the extent where one could say that Wells was ashamed or embarrassed to live in the era that he did and he portrayed this through the early chapters of The Time Machine. We can tell this by looking at the complexity of scientific understanding that Filby and The Time Traveller posses. In and around that period in history only the very upper class would be this finely schooled. Further evidence to support this claim of ignorance towards the lower class is that only the high ranking important local figures are present at the introduction and demonstration of the time machine. Such figures include a Provincial Mayor, a psychologist, a medical man and an Editor. These high class figures all well spoken and showed good understanding of the Time Traveller's theories. I think that all this shows that Wells who is portraying his views through the novel is not happy with the scum and diseased era in which he resides but will do anything to get out into the future. At this point social status played a key part in society and it seems that Wells wants to experience a world with out this binding moral code. After the The Time Traveller takes his first dive into the future he encounters a new society in the very distant future. Which for no apparent reason he names the Eloi. This new society functions in very different way to what The Time Traveller is used to. â€Å"Apparently, the house or even the idea of a household, had vanished. â€Å",†Ã¢â‚¬ËœCommunism! ‘† I said to myself. † These two quotes show The Time Traveller's great shock to seeing the degrading of society, if you could call it society. He reaches the conclusion that the human species had eventually evolved so far that they no longer had any need to fend for themselves or work at all. All work equal in this new communist society and meat was not anywhere on the menu. The Eloi strictly feasted on the fruits that they each harvest when they feel like it from the large fruit garden which is now earth. All reminiscence of architecture and civilization has completed vanished without trace from mankind. The Time Traveller seems to be disappointed at the simple relaxed society he has entered in the far future. As it seems to him that the all of mankind's history and long evolutionary process has all been for nothing. He found nothing that would please him in this place. I think that at this point Wells becomes pessimistic about what mankind's future could hold. When The Time Traveller sees that man has evolved into simple communist beings his hopes of meeting an advanced modern world are destroyed and he will begin to explore the new world to find something that will give him a reinvestment of hope to keep him motivated. Later on in the story The Time Traveller discovers a second underground race. He draws the conclusion that the Eloi or upper world may have evolved from the once favored aristocracy or upper class and the underworld society or â€Å"The Morlocks† by name given by The Time Traveller evolved from the labouring mechanical servants of that very aristocracy. The Morlocks hunted and fed on the Eloi. They hunted in packs and banded together showing the strong social bond similar quest for survival and social gain that the lower classes of Victorian England showed. Discovering the new race did not make The Time Traveller anymore optimistic, in fact this may of even made him even more hopeless than before. Now he has seen the future result of two races evolving to form a simple body of simple beings doing nothing more than providing for their needs and pleasure. There was no technological advance or social advanced. Almost like the human race had reached a peak many years before The Time Traveller had stopped to examine things and then began to devolve into simple happy communist beings that were all equal. I think that The Time Traveller's final view of humanity is not one of hope or optimism, â€Å"Once again I saw the dim shadows, that were evidence of decadent humanity†. This is his final point of view, he has seen the end. He has seen what is referred to in the novel as the sunset of mankind. He has nothing to look forward to. He knows that man is one day or another to become extinct. So do we all, but we still have the greatest hope that our final hour won't be so soon. The Time Traveller gives up all hope of ever being able to change the world enough to avoid the terrible decadence of our race. I think it is hard to tell whether Wells' is a pessimist or not through the actions and words of his characters. I think The Time Traveller's personality is inconsistent. He started out as an optimist with every hope of going forward or back in time and saving or changing humanity for the better. But as The Time Traveller sees more and more of the dim and distant future he becomes a pessimist with nothing in his aspirations. Whereas Filby, has a positive outlook from the onset of the story and in the epilogue gives his opinion and motivational summary to spur on the human race to do well and stay dominant. I think it would be very difficult to decide whether Wells' is representing himself through The Time Traveller or through Filby. But I have come to the conclusion that Wells is the optimist with a positive outlook on life. I think this although without the epilogue the book would have an inappropriate cinematic ending it still is the only place, I believe, where Wells has put his true hopes for humanity into the story. I think Wells has used the Time Traveller to convey some of his other views and theories into World. In conclusion I think that Wells would not have described today's modern world as a dystopia. This is because all that humanity has worked for over the years is in effect and benefiting a lot of people. There is still social order and a justice system. Wells' final view is one of distant but prosperous hope, and I think so long as the book leads the reader to believe this it will draw their ideal world into a brighter future.

Was England Torn Apart by Religious Revolution in the...

The short yet significant reign of Edward bought with it a series of severe changes to England and all those within it, many of them taking a religious nature. As the once unquestionable authority of the church became challenged by both critics and affiliates alike, England witnessed an almost inevitable reformation. However, the impact on the majority was not necessarily beneficial- as Duffy wrote, the Reformation bought with it an ‘assault on traditional religion’, leaving many men that ‘breathed easier for the accession of a Catholic queen’. It is possible to perceive that England was torn apart by religious revolution as a consequence of the public risings in the response to the changes. After their introduction, the country suffered†¦show more content†¦Catholic leaders believed they were defending traditional Christian civilization against rebellions and anarchical forces, whilst the latter argued they were restoring pure religion and defending against corruption and superstition. To them, the Pope was anti-Christ, whilst to the Catholics, Luther, Alvin and all other ‘reformers’ were heretics. Consequently, the secular rulers sought to base their political unity upon that of a religious nature, using their authority to compel their subjects into adopting one form of Christianity. In contrast to Pope Leo X, who face the Lutheran revolt, who urged secular leaders to suppress Protestant heretics by force, Luther appealed for this same force to be used against Catholics, and even Calvin, considered t o be an apostle of religious tolerance didn’t permit Catholics to reside in Geneva. Meanwhile, Spain, Portugal and Italy all used methods such as the Inquisition and the Index to eliminate religious dissent and persecute Protestant subjects. Therefore, this shows that despite the argument regarding whether England was ‘torn apart’, the rest of Europe was considerably so, which could subsequently have impacted England. However, religious revolution in England could also be viewed as beneficial, in particular to the economy. Throughout Europe, Princes and landlords, eager to the receive sources of new wealth, adopted the argument of

Essay about Social Class and Self-esteem among Adolescents...

Social Class and Self-esteem among Adolescents in Hong Kong Research Proposal Research Objectives Self-esteem is one of our most basic psychological needs. Researches on this subject suggest that self-esteem impacts the major aspects of our lives, like our thinking process, emotions, desires, value, choices, and goals. Self-esteem holds a considerable significance in both the individual and social context. Most importantly, it deals with adolescents’ concern of personal growth. Self-esteem affects how an adolescent search for a clear and stable self-definition ( Cheung, T. S., 1984). So, this is why I decided to generate a research on adolescents’ self-esteem. It is commonly believed that the level of self-esteem varies†¦show more content†¦Social Psychology Quarterly, 53, 165-173. It explains with a theory of psychological centrality why social class has a stronger effect among late adolescents’ self-esteem. When something is central to self-evaluation, it will have a stronger effect on self-esteem. Richman (1985). Self-esteem: Research, Theory, and Practice. Springer. It introduces us the meanings of self-esteem, some important issues in doing self-esteem researches, and summarizes several major self-esteem theories. It serves as a thorough guide for doing researches on self-esteem. It is a good reference for setting hypothesis. Wells (1976). Self-esteem: Its Conceptualization and Measurement. Sage: London. This book includes theoretical considerations like definitions, types and important issues of self-esteem, and methodological considerations like measurement, experimental use and instrument validations. A practical work. Battle (1992). Culture-Free Self-esteem Inventories. Pro-ed: Texas. It contains several claimed valid and reliable inventories for assessing self-esteem in different areas. It helps me understand generally how to put the abstract concept of self-esteem into visible index. Cheung, T. S. (1984). An Analysis of the Self-esteem of Adolescents in Hong Kong: configurations and Determinations. Occasional Papers No. 5. Centre for Hong Kong Studies. This work shows us a general picture about Hong Kong’sShow MoreRelatedThe Internet : The Dangers Of The Internet924 Words   |  4 Pagesthe internet among young people regarding to the essay question â€Å"the internet is creating a generation of anti-social youth†. There are three arguments to support this thesis which are, the role of online communication in cyberbullying, Internet addiction and Internet pornography. The essay will follow the basic essay structure, with an introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion. Cyberbullying is one of the seriously antisocial behaviours and cyberbullying is harmful among adolescents. 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Review Of Divertimento Fanfare By Roger Zare - 1268 Words

On October 5th, the Auburn University Chamber Winds and Symphonic Winds performed a collection of pieces from different time periods including: The Classical period, the 20th century period, and the Modern period. All of the pieces, except for the last piece and the pieces that were not conducted, were conducted by either Michael Cater, Zack Deininger, Ethan Lolley, or Meghan Miller, who are all graduate conductors. The first piece performed, â€Å"Divertimento-Fanfare†, was written by Roger Zare. Zare is known for his contemporary chamber and orchestral work. His music is inspired by science nature, mathematics, and mythology. Zare uses word painting to convey and contrast the two ideas in â€Å"Divertimento-Fanfare†. The opening rhythm can be described as consonance and then as the piece progresses, the rhythm becomes dissonant. The interaction between these two kinds of rhythms builds tension and energy. The texture of the piece had a main melody and a subordinate me lody, otherwise known as a homophonic texture. The only instruments in this piece were the trumpet, horn, trombone, and the euphonium (small tuba). The tone color or timbre of each instrument were all related with one another because all the instruments were in the brass family. The second piece played was the Overture and it was written by Kurt Weill. Kurt Weill was born the son of a cantor in Dessau. He made a name for himself in Berlin during the 1920’s and 30’s while working with Bertolt Brecht. His Overture

Legalized Pot; Killing Our Country Free Essays

Hempeficial, by Steven Jeffrey published in 2011 discusses the legalization of hemp and marijuana plants in the United States. Mr. Jeffrey thinks it is ludicrous that pot is illegal. We will write a custom essay sample on Legalized Pot; Killing Our Country or any similar topic only for you Order Now In my opinion it is irresponsible to propose any initiative to legalize marijuana. My experience has proven it to be highly addictive, damaging to young brains and can rob the economy of the intellect necessary to keep us moving ahead. It is a myth that cannabis is not addictive. Studies of long- term users show a significant dependency correlation. A friend of mine, who is a neuroscientist, once told me that approximately 173,000 people have some form of dependence to or use cannabis or its sister plant hemp regularly. Jeffrey states â€Å"hemp has been used for at least 5,000 years†. That is a classic case of addiction, not be able to stop. Marijuana is very damaging to the brain, especially young brains. My husband, who is a doctor, points out that it is not uncommon for people who use, to complain about memory loss and not being able to think clearly. That the chemical tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active ingredient in marijuana, corrupts the natural process of endocannabinoids, a key family of chemicals that help guide the brain in proper maturation. Yet Jeffrey refers to this as an â€Å"innocuous plant†. These chemicals are vital keys to the formation of memory, learning and decision-making. In this way, marijuana is even more damaging to a person because it pilots the brain to become stagnant. The primary concern is it has a lasting effect on young people. Jeffrey agrees that, â€Å"the evil female plant-marijuana. It gets you high, it makes you laugh†. My neighbor, a mother of three, told me she is very concerned that her once straight A students do nothing all day now except get high and laugh. When young people fail to show initiative to do something with their lives, we lose that portion of innovative ideas for new and improved technology. Our nation has stopped growing along with the smokers. Even Jeffrey states that other countries are â€Å"literally laughing at our stupidity†. How to cite Legalized Pot; Killing Our Country, Papers

IT Governance Essay free essay sample

Research Proposal No.1 (Quantitative analysis) Alignment of Information Technology (IT) Governance with Business Needs in the EnterprisePrincipal Aim of study: To identify and understand how and why IT needs to be carefully placed to be compatible with business needs in the organization. â€Å"Some organizations started with the implementation of IT governance in order to achieve a better alignment between business and IT.† (Haes Gremberg 2008). Objectives: To identity specific needs for IT application within the framework business in the enterprise To establish a deployment that is most beneficial to the organization in economic terms To seek the implementation of most appropriate and cost effective IT solutions for contemporary organizational structures To emphasize on the need for clear and consistent standard followed in implementing IT solutions in corporate environments. To offer quantitative solutions aligned with IT; that will effectively address issues arising in the organization. Hypothesis: There is a significant role of IT governance in positively affecting the ability of businesses to cater to industry demand and achieve considerable cost benefits over time. Research Questions:1. What level of system throughput is essential and critical for the success of managerial and effective decision making using timely data and processing capabilities? IT Governance 32. How could â€Å"a purpose-built, standards-based data appliance that architecturally integrates the database, server and storage into a single, easy-to-manage system.† be operated? (Netezza twinfin data warehouse and analytic appliance: Resetting the bar on price/performance, 2009, p.1). 3. There is nothing called perfect data. However, what makes the extraction of information from data so tedious a process?Significant role of IT governance in positively affects businesses to cater to industry demand and achieve considerable cost benefits over time. There is nothing called perfect data. However, what makes the extraction of information from data so tedious a process? What system throughput is essential and critical for the success of managerial and effective decision making using timely data and processing capabilities? Literature Review How could â€Å"a purposebuilt, standards-based data appliance integrating database, server and storage into a single, easy-tomanage system.† be operated? Empirical Research Database and Systems Integration Statistical Tools and Profilers Research Objectives Research Parameters Primary Research and First-hand data collection IT Governance4 Literature review:Costs:Initial capital investmentsMaintenance and usage costsImpact on bottom line through amortizationCost benefit evaluation on short, medium and long term basisFinancial analysis including calculation of present value, cash flows and residual assessmentTechnological obsolescence Implications: Positives /Negative impact of present IT deployment: From the government’s point of view From the point of view of the IT industry Specific work-force and union perspective on IT deployment Negative aspects of the present IT policies and procedures Threats and challenges in the IT alignment the corrective measures to overcome these through practice and research studiesEnvironment: The present scenario of the IT industry The industrial techniques to meeting business needs Perceived risks in various implementation schemes Positive and negative results of IT governance and deployment in the enterprise Legal and socio-economic constructs of IT alignment Research Designs: IT Governance In a research study of this genre, it is critical to plan appropriate designs that could not only meet the goals and objectives of business but also provide an environment and basis on which the empirical research study could be well conducted. Besides, the research design should be free from known errors, statistical bias and must present a strong forum for the detailed and comprehensive study of the topic under research. In this IT related studies, it is very important that quantitative data should be gained through both primary and secondary researches. The Primary Research is based on a modern topic that requires utmost care and understanding with valid and well-informed group of respondents. It is also compulsory to consult secondary resources to establish current trends and apparent cost benefits through upgrading or reassessment of latest technologies and the latest high-tech IT operation in the existing corporate and technological demands. At this point when business cannot separate from technological influences, it is indeed important that maximum efforts and attention is given on how business needs could be increased and improved through better IT interfacing and governance. In a quantitative research study of this genre, the use of statistical tests to underpin the validity the conduct of research and hypothesis testing is imperative. The above research design by compartmentalizing between Business and IT strategy seeks to bring forth the major ingredients in the two while also seeking to integrate IT Governance 6 the two aspects of bus iness- the business unit and the IT deployment or alignment in the manner that is most advantageous to the business and its stakeholders.MethodologyThrough research techniques like surveys and personal interviews using right forethought. Also, use of appropriate statistical tests that could emphasize this quantitative research.† A chi-square test is used when you want to see if there is a relationship between two categorical variables.† (What is statistical analysis should I use? Statistical analysis using SPSS, (n.d.).Primary sources are derived from discussions with IT researchers, practitioners, revenue specialists (in public and private sectors IT governance). Interviews conduced with a selected group of IT specialists and practitioners drawn from various business and industrial sectors. Secondary and tertiary sourcing is from website libraries, online internet sources, and peer reviewed academic magazine articles.Interpretations / AnalysisBased on the literature reviews and findings of the research studies carried out after gathering quantitative data from primary, secondary and tertiary sources. Conclusions: An appropriate conclusion is that could strengthen the impact of IT in enterprise thereby stressing its present and ultimate risks, challenges, advantages and benefits. Also, observation on the various methods that are necessary in the present context .This method could be IT Governance 7 applied considering the future risks of technical and commercial obsolescence of IT industry. It is important that the requirements of the corporate units are met through the use of IT. Therefore the conclusion validates or nullifies the hypothesis. Reference ListAdvanced QA corner, 2009. [Online] CPU. Available at: http://www.computerpoweruser.com/editorial/article.asp?article=articles%2Farchive %2Fc0906%2F27c06%2F27c06.asp [Accessed 9 March 2010]. Building IT and end user partnership, 2010.[Online] ITtoolkit.com. Available at: http://www.ittoolkit.com/assessments/assess_partnerships.htm [Accessed 9 March 2010]. Business sponsorship and alignment – white papers, 2010. [Online] tdwi. Available at: http://tdwi.org/whitepapers/list/business-sponsorship-and-alignment.aspx [Accessed 9 March 2010].Customer satisfaction survey questions, 2010. [Online] Zoomerang. 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